Characterizing the Anti-HIV Activity of Papuamide A

Papuamide A is representative of a class of marine derived cyclic depsipeptides, reported to have cytoprotective activity against HIV-1 in vitro. We show here that papuamide A acts as an entry inhibitor, preventing human immunodeficiency virus infection of host cells and that this inhibition is not specific to R5 or X4 tropic virus. This inhibition of viral entry was determined to not be due to papuamide A binding to CD4 or HIV gp120, the two proteins involved in the cell-virus recognition and binding. Furthermore, papuamide A was able to inhibit HIV pseudotype viruses expressing envelope glycoproteins from vesicular stomatitis virus or amphotropic murine leukemia virus indicating the mechanism of viral entry inhibition is not HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein specific. Time delayed addition studies with the pseudotyped viruses show that papuamide A inhibits viral infection only at the initial stage of the viral life cycle. Additionally, pretreatment studies revealed that the virus, and not the cell, is the target of papuamide A’s action. Together, these results suggest a direct virucidal mechanism of HIV-1 inhibition by papuamide A. We also demonstrate here that the other papuamides (B-D) are able to inhibit viral entry indicating that the free amino moiety of 2,3-diaminobutanoic acid residue is not required for the virucidal activity.     

福建省东山岛西埔湾港养斑鰶的繁殖生物学

本文研究了福建省东山岛西埔湾港养斑鰶性腺周期发育、成熟系数周年变化、个体生殖力以及雌雄同体。港养斑鰶能在半封闭式湾内发育成熟而且自然产卵。其卵细胞发育分为6个时相,精巢发育分为6期。卵膜由透明带、外放射带和内放射带组成,内有孔道结构。第4时相中期卵母细胞的内放射带有7～8层纤维状片层。产卵后鞘膜细胞和颗粒细胞分裂增殖变成游走的吞噬细胞。西埔湾港养斑鰶Ⅰ龄鱼初次性成熟,生殖季节从12月下旬至翌年3月下旬,生殖盛期为2月,雌鱼成熟系数高达17.88％。个体绝对生殖力为7575～72621粒,平均 35310粒,系属于分批产卵类型,第1批生殖力大于第2批。     

空心胶合木梁柱式结构抗侧力性能研究

为研究空心胶合木梁柱式结构体系抗侧力性能,对纯框架及框架-人字撑两种单跨结构试件进行了单调及低周反复加载试验,考察了结构破坏模式、耗能能力、刚度等抗震性能。结果表明:纯框架与框架-人字撑结构均具有一定抗侧力性能,但纯框架结构承载能力较弱,不建议单独用于工程实践;框架-人字撑结构具较大抗侧刚度及承载力,分别为纯框架的6.3倍及2.68倍,但其延性仅为纯框架的67%。两种结构失效前强度退化小于30%,具足够剩余承载力。     

棉花花青素能量耗散过程维持光合机构稳定性分析

【目的】研究棉花花青素能量耗散过程维持光合机构稳定性。【方法】选取花青素含量差异较大的棉花为材料,测定花青素含量、光合色素含量、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数、NDH介导的环式电子流活性、ATP合成酶活性、玉米黄质的合成速率等。【结果】随花青素含量升高,吸光能力逐渐增强,而净光合速率逐渐减弱,将面临较多的过剩激发能;NDH介导的环式电子流活性均逐渐增强,并且环式电子调控的ATP合成也逐渐增强;相对于无花青素的棉花,花青素存在的条件下,叶黄素循环的热耗散明显较弱,并且随花青素含量的增多,叶黄素循环的过程逐渐减弱,可能花青素的耗散能力逐渐增强。【结论】花青素能够作为一种光保护机制起到耗散过剩光能有效保护PSI和PSII。     

植物CNGC功能研究进展

从结构上看,环状核苷酸门控离子通道（CNGC）是孔-环阳离子通道的超家族,广泛存在于动植物中。根据系统亲缘关系,拟南芥CNGC家族可分为5个亚家族群,它们在抗病、花粉管生长、抗冷热胁迫、抵抗重金属离子毒害和抗盐抗旱等多种信号途径中发挥重要作用, 协助植物细胞应对各种生物与非生物胁迫。主要对CNGC基因家族的结构和生物学功能进行综述性介绍,并对近年来关于该基因家族的最新研究进展进行系统阐述,为深入理解CNGC基因家族在植物生长和发育过程中的重要作用提供帮助。     

聚L-半胱氨酸/DNA-HRP混合自组装膜修饰的过氧化氢传感器的研究

采用循环伏安法在铂电极表面聚合L-半胱氨酸制得修饰电极,再利用DNA与蛋白质的特异性结合,将小牛胸腺DNA与辣根过氧化物酶依次滴加到聚L-Cys／Pt电极表面,制备得到DNA-HRP／L-Cys／pt电极,实验证实该电极对过氧化氢具有响应快、灵敏度高、线性范围宽、稳定性好的性能,且具有良好的选择性,线性范围为1.2×10^-6～9．0×10^-3mol·L^-1,检出限：8．0×10^-7mol·L^-1.     

连续性循环式活性污泥法在土霉素类制药废水处理中的应用

采用微电解法对土霉素类废水进行预处理 ,再经连续性循环式活性污泥处理土霉素类高浓度有机废水 ,进水的CODcr浓度在 5 30 0mg·L-1以下时 ,经过系统的处理处理后 ,CODcr降解率达 97.6 %.出水的各种指标达到了国家规定的排放标准 .     

外源性环核苷酸对山羊泌乳性能的影响

在山羊乳房基部皮下埋植外源性环核苷酸,可使血液和乳中环核苷酸浓度及其产乳量提高。统计表明,试验组与对照组之间血中的cGMP、乳中的cGMP和cAMP浓度以及产乳量均出现显著或极显著差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。试验组山羊的乳腺腺泡结构和机能均比对照组旺盛。     

Effects of Cyclic Electron Flow Inhibitor （Antimycin A） on Photosystem Photoinhibition of Sweet Pepper Leaves upon Exposure to Chilling Stress Under Low Irradiance

In chloroplast, there were two pathways involved in the cyclic electron flow around photosystem 1 （PS 1）. One was the NADH dehydrogenase （NDH）-dependent flow and the other was the ferredoxin quinone reductase-dependent flow. It was proposed that the NDH-dependent cyclic electron flow around PSI was related to the xanthophyll cycle-dependent non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） at chilling temperature under low irradiance （CL）. The function of the chloroplastic cyclic electron flow around PS 1 was examined by comparing sweet pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） control with its antimycin A （AA）-fed leaves upon exposure to CL stress. During CL stress, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PS2 （Fv/Fm） decreased markedly in both controls and AA-fed leaves, and P700＋ was also lower in AA-fed leaves than in controls. These results implied that cyclic electron flow around PS 1 functioned to protect the photosynthetic apparatus from CL stress. Under such stress, NPQ and PS2-driven electron transport rate were different between AA-fed leaves and controls. The lower NPQ in AA-fed leaves might be related to an inefficient proton gradient across thylakoid membranes （ApH） because of inhibiting cyclic electron flow around PS 1 under CL stress.